Descriptif
Overview of course
Lecturer: Claire Le Renard, PhD
Under the banner of "energy transition", energy-related stakes and issues stand high on the media and public policy agenda. But when it comes to the implementation of this transition, many debates and controversies arise. Energy issues engage a wealth of different actors and sectors, far beyond the technical developments. In the words of a student (March 2019), “people today literally inhabit energy systems”.
Since the spring of 2018, when a first version of this syllabus was written, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by more than 2 ppm per year. The winter 2018-2019 was a time of debate about fuel taxation, (car) mobility, infrastructures, and climate change mitigation policies in France, triggered by a working-class mobilisation making themselves visible with their yellow safety vests. The COVID-19 crisis has shaken economies, but also the realm of the possible, and it opens up so many questions that much of the existing literature might seem outdated.
Yet the rationale behind this course affirms that state-of-the-art research in sociology and political science can provide valuable insights to understand ongoing change processes. We will engage with relationships between science, technology, society and policies in the energy and environment sector. We will support our understanding of their complex interplay with theories accounting for inertia or change, explaining dynamics, resting on case studies in the energy sector, in several countries and time periods.
This course is based on inputs from Science and Technology Studies (STS), a branch of sociology and history devoted to the study of science and technology issues, as well as insights from the sociology of opinion, and public policy analysis focusing on energy issues. This seminar has been enriched with students’ questions about the process of socio-technical change, engaging with policy and society. How much can past or recent insights about inertia and change inform us about what is currently going on?
The seminar is participatory and interactive, and students are welcome to share their insights and thoughts. Some debates will take place in the class. The outline of the course may be adjusted to deal with the students’ main concerns. The course may include collective enquiries inspired by recent or ongoing events.
Objectifs pédagogiques
At the end of the seminar, students will:
- be able to consider past and present “energy transitions” with a sociological point of view;
- be familiar with some theories accounting for stability and/or change regarding socio-technical developments;
- be trained to read the most significant elements of a non-fiction text in a (short) given time, and taking part in the conversation about the text by preparing a short comment or question to share about it.
effectifs minimal / maximal:
/27Diplôme(s) concerné(s)
- MScT-Data Science for Business
- MScT-Cybersecurity : Threats and Defenses
- MScT-Economics for Smart Cities and Climate Policy
- MScT-Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Management
- MScT-Internet of Things : Innovation and Management Program (IoT)
- MScT-Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Visual Computing
- MScT-Economics, Data Analytics and Corporate Finance
- MScT-Energy Environment : Science Technology & Management
- MScT-Double Degree Data and Finance (DDDF)
- MScT-Data and Economics for Public Policy (DEPP)
Parcours de rattachement
- MScT ESCLiP - Semestre 3
- MScT DSB - Semestre 1
- MScT EDACF - Semestre 1
- MScT CTD - Semestre 1
- MScT CTD - Semestre 3
- MScT EESM - Semestre 1
- MScT STEEM - Semestre 1
- MScT IOT - Semestre 1
- MScT IOT - Semestre 3
- MScT AI-ViC - Semestre 1
- MScT AI-ViC - Semestre 3
- MScT EESM - Semestre 3
- MScT ESCLiP - Semestre 1
- MScT STEEM - Semestre 3
- MScT DEPP - Semestre 1
- MScT DEPP - Semestre 2
- MScT-DDDF-S1 - MScT DDDF - Semestre 1
- MScT-DDDF-S1 - MScT DDDF - Semestre 2
Objectifs de développement durable
ODD 16 Paix, justice et institutions efficaces, ODD13 Mesures relatives à la lutte contre les changements climatiques, ODD 11 Villes et communautés durables, ODD 10 Inégalités réduites, ODD 9 Industrie, Innovation et Infrastructure, ODD 8 Travail décent et croissance économique, ODD 7 Energie propre et d’un coût abordable, ODD 6 Eau propre et assainissement, ODD 1 Pas de pauvreté.Format des notes
Numérique sur 20Littérale/grade réduitPour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Economics for Smart Cities and Climate Policy
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Energy Environment : Science Technology & Management
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Economics, Data Analytics and Corporate Finance
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Double Degree Data and Finance (DDDF)
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Visual Computing
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Management
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Data Science for Business
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Cybersecurity : Threats and Defenses
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Internet of Things : Innovation and Management Program (IoT)
Vos modalités d'acquisition :
Students’ evaluation rests on an oral presentation of the main points of a research article (from session 3 on), individually or in pairs, in a 15 minute frame, as well as a short essay due after the end of the course (3-5 pages). Participation in the seminar accounts for 10% of the grade.
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.
Pour les étudiants du diplôme MScT-Data and Economics for Public Policy (DEPP)
Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)- Crédits ECTS acquis : 1.5 ECTS
Programme détaillé
Session 1 (Sept. 29) Introduction to the course. Each student is requested to bring a newspaper or social media / internet article that triggered their interest, in relationship with the scope of the course.
The outline of the course may be adjusted to deal with the students’ main concerns.
Session 2 (Oct. 6) Transition, really ?
Laird (2013) Against Transitions? Uncovering Conflicts in Changing Energy Systems, Science as Culture, 22:2, 149-156, doi: 10.1080/09505431.2013.786992
Optional : Aykut, Stefan C., et Aurélien Evrard. « Une transition pour que rien ne change ? Changement institutionnel et dépendance au sentier dans les « transitions énergétiques » en Allemagne et en France ». Revue internationale de politique comparée 24, no 1 (2017): 17. http://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-politique-comparee-2017-1-page-17.htm
Session 3 (Oct. 13) The social dimensions of energy transitions – or Energy stakes hidden in non-energy policies
Miller, C. A., Iles, A., & Jones, C. F. (2013). The social dimensions of energy transitions. Science as Culture, 22(2), 135-148.
Royston, S., Selby, J., & Shove, E. (2018). Invisible energy policies: A new agenda for energy demand reduction. Energy Policy, 123, 127-135. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421518305810
Session 4 (Oct. 20) The making of a centralised electricity system
Hughes, T. (1979). The Electrification of America: The System Builders. Technology and Culture, 20(1), 124-161. doi:10.2307/3103115 (also available in French)
Session 4 (Nov. 3) Nuclear energy, technopolitics and sociotechnical imaginaries
Hecht, G. (2001). Technology, politics, and national identity in France. In Thad Allen, M., & Hecht, G. (2001). Technologies of power: essays in honor of Thomas Parke Hughes and Agatha Chipley Hughes. MIT Press. 253-293.
Sato, Kyoko. « Japan’s Nuclear Imaginaries Before and After Fukushima: Visions of Science, Technology, and Society ». In Resilience: A New Paradigm of Nuclear Safety. From Accident Mitigation to Resilient Society Facing Extreme Situations, édité par Joonhong Ahn, Franck Guarnieri, et Kazuo Furuta. SpringerOpen, 2017. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=1002185.
Optional reading: Hecht, G. (2009; 1998), The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity after World War II, MIT Press. (chapter 2, “Technopolitical regimes”). This chapter is the chapter 1 in the French version of the book (2004), "Le nucléaire et ses régimes technopolitiques". (books are available at the library)
Session 5 (Nov. 10) How does sociotechnical change take place? Theory #1.
Akrich, M., Callon, M., Latour, B., (English-language article to be precised). « A quoi tient le succès des innovations? 1 : L’art de l’intéressement ». Annales des Mines - Gérer et comprendre, no 11 (juin 1988): 4‑17.
Session 6 (Nov. 17) How does sociotechnical change take place? Theory #2.
Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research policy,31(8-9), 1257-1274.
Case study: Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Fuchs, G., Hinderer, N., Kungl, G., Mylan, J., ... & Wassermann, S. (2016). The enactment of socio-technical transition pathways: a reformulated typology and a comparative multi-level analysis of the German and UK low-carbon electricity transitions (1990–2014). Research Policy,45(4), 896-913.
Session 7 (Nov. 24) Radical innovation, sociotechnical promises and democracy
Bakker, S., Van Lente, H., & Meeus, M. (2011). Arenas of expectations for hydrogen technologies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,78(1), 152-162.
Joly, P. B. (2010). On the economics of techno-scientific promises. in Akrich, M., Barthe, Y., Muniesa, F., Mustar, P. (eds.) Débordements. Mélanges offerts à Michel Callon, Paris, Presses des Mines, 203-222. https://books.openedition.org/pressesmines/703?lang=en
Session 8 (Dec. 1) Wind energy policies and “green on green” controversies
Karnøe, P., & Garud, R. (2012). Path creation: Co-creation of heterogeneous resources in the emergence of the Danish wind turbine cluster. European Planning Studies,20(5), 733-752.
Wüstenhagen R, Wolsink M, Bürer MJ. (2007) Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: An introduction to the concept. Energy policy 2007, 35:2683-2691. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.12.001.
Optional Session 9 (Dec. 8)
Visit of the showroom – EDF Lab, 7 boulevard Gaspard Monge, Palaiseau (1 km from Polytechnique)