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PA - C4B - INF587 : Informatique quantique et applications

Descriptif

This course is an introduction to the concept of a quantum computer. It
uses quantum-mechanical principles and generalizes
classical computers. It has been demonstrated that such a computer can
solve in polynomial time problems that are considered
to be hard for a classical computer such as factoring large integers or
solving the discrete logarithm problem (this is Shor's algorithm).
The security of virtually all public-key cryptography used in practice
right now relies on the hardness of these problems
and a quantum computer would break those cryptosystems. It has also been
found that such a computer is able to search in an unstructured
set much more efficiently than a classical computer (this is Grover's
algorithm).
We will cover in this course the bases of quantum computation and
present the main quantum algorithms that offer a speedup over classical
algorithms.
We will also  cover other applications of quantum mechanics, such as
simulating physical systems or quantum cryptography. The latter exploits
the laws of quantum physics to establish the security of certain
cryptographic primitives, such as key distribution protocols.


Objectifs pédagogiques

The aim of this course is to

- explain  the basic principles of a quantum computer

- give an overview of the problems for which there is a quantum speed-up 

- explain what we can do right now in quantum computing.

Format des notes

Numérique sur 20

Littérale/grade réduit

Pour les étudiants du diplôme M1 Cyber - Cybersecurity

Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
    L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C

      Pour les étudiants du diplôme Diplôme d'ingénieur de l'Ecole polytechnique

      Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
        L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C
        • Crédits ECTS acquis : 5 ECTS

        La note obtenue rentre dans le calcul de votre GPA.

        Pour les étudiants du diplôme M1 - Physics

        Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
          L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C
          • Crédits ECTS acquis : 5 ECTS

          Pour les étudiants du diplôme Cyber Physical System

          Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
            L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C
            • Crédits ECTS acquis : 4 ECTS

            Pour les étudiants du diplôme M1 Physics by Research

            Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
              L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C
              • Crédits ECTS acquis : 5 ECTS

              Pour les étudiants du diplôme M2 Data AI - Data and Artificial Intelligence

              Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
                L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C

                  Pour les étudiants du diplôme M1 MPRI - Foudations of Computer Science

                  Le rattrapage est autorisé (Note de rattrapage conservée)
                    L'UE est acquise si note finale transposée >= C
                    • Crédits ECTS acquis : 5 ECTS

                    Programme détaillé

                    1) Introduction
                    - qubits and quantum registers
                    - measurement and unitary evolution
                    - elementary gates
                    - the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, quantum teleportation, superdense
                    coding

                    2) The circuit model
                    - classical and quantum circuits
                    - universality of quantum computation with a restricted set of
                    elementary gates

                    3) The first algorithms
                    - Deutsch-Josza
                    - Bernstein-Vazirani
                    - Simon's algorithm

                    4) Advanced algorithms
                    - the Grover algorithm
                    - the amplitude amplification algorithm, other algorithms that are
                    relevant to cryptography such as collision algorithms

                    5) Advanced algorithms based on the quantum Fourier transform
                    - the quantum Fourier transform
                    - application: phase estimation
                    - the abelian hidden subgroup problem
                    - application : Shor's algorithm for factoring and solving the discrete
                    logarithm problem

                    6) Hamiltonian simulation
                    - Hamiltonians
                    - applications to quantum chemistry
                    - the Lie-Suzuki-Trotter method
                    - the LCU method

                    7) Advanced algorithm for solving large linear systems: the
                    Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd algorithm

                    8) Quantum cryptography
                    - quantum key distribution

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